Joints and ligaments between two lumbar vertebrae

VERTEBRAL COLUMN ANATOMY QUESTIONS EASY

1.  1.1. Describe joints and ligaments between two lumbar vertebrae. (60) 

 Joints between 2 lumbar vertebrae includes joints between 2 vertebral bodies
 & joints between vertebral arches
 Joints between 2 vertebral bodies which are secondary cartilaginous joint
 Held by intervertebral disc
 Is a fibrocartilaginous disc which binds the two adjacent vertebral bodies
 Containing a central soft gelatinous part, nucleus pulposus &
 Peripheral annulus fibrosus which is made up of collagenous fibres
 2 vertebral bodies are joined by two accessory ligaments the anterior & posterior longitudinal ligaments
 Anterior ligament is attached to the anterior surface of body of vertebra & intervertebral disc
 Posterior ligament is attached to the posterior surface of body of vertebra & intervertebral disc
 Joints between vertebral arches are formed by the articular processes of the adjacent vertebrae
 Are plane synovial joints
 Permits gliding movements
 Accessory ligaments are ligamentum flava
 Attached to the lamina of the vertebrae
 Supraspinous ligament
 Joins the tips of the spinous processes of the adjacent vertebrae
 Interspinous ligament
 Unites the spinous processes along their adjacent borders
 Fuses with supraspinous ligament
 Intertranseverse ligament
 The fibrous tissue joining the transverse processes along their adjacent borders
 Rotation of the bodies on each others are limited
 Flexion, extension & lateral flexion are possible

1.2. State the site where lumbar puncture is done (10) 

 Above or below the 4th lumbar vertebrae

1.3. Write the structures pierced by the needle when performing the lumbar puncture (15) 

 Skin  Superficial fascia  Supraspinous ligament   Interspinous ligament  Ligamentum flavum   areolar tissue containing the internal vertebral venous plexus  Epidural space  Duramater   Arachnoid mater

1.4. How does the disc prolapse occur & what is the clinical condition that occur due to this (15) 

 Disc prolapse usually occur posterolaterally in the lumbar region  This presses upon the adjacent nerve roots &   Gives rise to referred pain such as sciatica   In sciatica pain increases with rise of pressure in the canal
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